Josef Groll made the first batch of Pilsner, the light, golden beer we know as lager, in the Czech town of Pilsen in 1842. Part of this change was about Brits learning – or being persuaded – to enjoy a drink they had long shunned. It wasn’t until the 1960s that British drinking culture began to shift in more fundamental ways. Relatively little changed in the two decades after ‘The Pub and the People’ was published. It was mainly men that drank there, generally beer. In post-war Britain, much of the drinking took place in pubs. The part of the pub where working-class men gathered was known as the vault: “Along the base of the bar counter, whose top is of well worn, well wiped mahogany, runs a line of scattered sawdust, about six inches wide, on to which people spit, throw fag ends, matches and empty cigarette packets.” The authors list the activities that took place there and elsewhere in the pub: talking, thinking, smoking, spitting, playing games, betting, singing, playing the piano, buying and selling goods, including hot pies and bootlaces.Īnd, of course, drinking. The result was a book called ‘The Pub and the People’. It begins more than half a century ago, in the pub.ĭuring the late 1930s, a group of observers set out to record what went on in British pubs. This is the story of that research, and of what it tells us about the ascent to Peak Booze. They told me how everything from recessions to marketing to sexism has shaped the way the British drink. It’s impossible to untangle the forces behind the graph’s every rise and fall, but I’ve talked to researchers who have studied our relationship with alcohol. By the late 1990s consumption is rising rapidly again.Ĭome Peak Booze, in 2004, we were drinking 9.5 litres of alcohol per person – the equivalent of more than 100 bottles of wine – each year. The upward trajectory ends in 1980, but that turns out to be temporary. The climb becomes steadier during the 1970s. Then, in 1960, it begins to creep upward. Look to the right and at first the line barely rises. (None of us drinks pure alcohol, thankfully one litre of pure alcohol is equivalent to 35 pints of strong beer.) In 1950, Brits drank an average of 3.9 litres per person. It plots the change in annual consumption of alcohol in the UK, calculated in litres of pure alcohol per person. This served as the first attempt of the colonials to band together and create one government.Everyone in alcohol research knows the graph. In 1774, they voted in representatives who would voice their grievances and advance their needs during the First Continental Congress. The colonists and the British Empire went to war.Įvery colony followed its own local governance. From that point on, everything went from bad to worse, and after several years, it reached a point of no return. Soon, several minor skirmishes between the colonials and the local British forces transpired. First, complaints and quarrels were brought up. War did not break out immediately, though. These colonies were Delaware, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Hampshire, New York, and Rhode Island. Ultimately, 13 colonies decided to join in the cause, fighting for liberty from British control. Not every settlement took part in the movement for independence, however. The war for American independence erupted in 1775 and ended in 1783.īefore the American Revolution, Great Britain held several colonies on the American continent. Numerous battles were waged, and ultimately, the colonies won their freedom and became the sovereign country that we now know as the United States of America. The American Revolution is a period in history when the colonials of the Empire of Great Britain in America fought for freedom and independence from the crown.
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